2012년 11월 25일 일요일

흰구름 - A Fluffy Cloud

In summer of 1970, I attended an orientation session that was held in a dormitory lounge N.E section of the campus of Wisconsin in Madison for a couple of days. My high school years came to an end and I decided to go to Madison to attend the university where my brother-in-law started attending the school two years earlier. The campus was virtually empty in the summer. The grass on the lawn seemed to have been getting weathered under the sweltering heat  in a drought; areas of lawn by the campus pond were bare partially as though the students had over traded them. There were couple of ducks swimming lazily on the campus pond and a flock of ducks huddled together by the pond under a willow tree escaping from the heat. The tour guide led us to the tall concrete library. As I entered air-conditioned lobby, a whip of cool air was blown to my face. As I was walking up the stairway, I could see the campus virtually deserted.  Looking through the windows, a scene of few people walking in leisurely pace in far distance in mostly green unfolded in my eyes in the vastness of the campus. In September, when I returned to the campus in the fall, an entirely different scenery was unfolded in my eyes; people was busily walking every corners on the campus as new school year was just started.


My brother-in-law, Han, and my sister lived off campus, renting one room apartment. Later in the afternoon after my chores were done, I visited his place and he told me that there would be a meeting for newly arrived graduate Korean students. The meeting was held in a lounge of a dormitory in South West of the campus with a small group of people. Han and I arrived there early finding wooden chairs with its sitting panel covered in different colors; some of them had worn out with tattered cloth bearing the sponges inside. The KSA (The Korean Students Association) hosted the meeting for the purpose of mainly welcoming new Korean graduate students on the campus. The meeting was started with everybody taking turn introducing them with mentioning their major field of studies. The major agenda of the meeting was to decide where the annual welcoming picnic would be held. Among the students, there was one female student whose name was Bae, a psychology major in the graduate school. After the meeting was over, Bae came by and said “Oh, Mr. Park’s brother-in-law, welcome to the campus.” She already knew I am related to Han.  Bae, wearing in casual clothes, I could sense immediately that she is intelligent woman with outgoing personality.

 Han had already finished 1st year attending the university as a graduate student at that time, majoring a new field of studies in Physics. Han had graduated from a top university in Korea as with many students at the meeting. With his charming personality and talents in leading interesting conversation with his peers, he had quickly become acquainted with many graduate students. If fact, he was well regarded as intelligent, sociable and amicable guy on the campus to whom anyone would like to spend time with in social gatherings. He had a cool demeanor and seldom flared up.  Han had come to the UW with sophisticated social skills that had been accumulated back in Korea. Due to these characteristics, he was very popular among the graduate students. Han was instrumental in helping many newly arrived students getting adjusted to their new environment, and he had a way of making others do the things that he would like to do. For instance, when Bae was feeling homesick during her first semester, Han quickly rounded up his friends and visited her to cheer her up. For Bae was one of the few female students who was beautiful and intelligent, Han had such a favorable impression on her. Even my sister wouldn’t mind Han was being so nice to her since my sister, too, was fascinated by Bae’s charming personality and her fine demeanor. Han often invited her along with other graduate students over his apartment on weekends and talked until late at night, feeling a shared sense of accomplishments back in Korea.

The picnic for welcoming students was held one and a half months later on a sunny day in October in a park nearby the campus.  As it was first gathering of the new school year, a lot of students showed up, including half dozen undergraduate students. The weather was cooperating nicely with gentle breeze blowing sporadically swaying the branches of trees making rustling sound. As crispy autumn sunlight shone on the trees, the reflection from the leaves was beaming with luscious golden lights of foliage in the morning. Bae was having a lunch sitting at a picnic table talking leisurely with wives of the graduate students. And I happened to sit diagonally across at the end of the table that was placed adjacent to the table she was sitting. Occasionally taking glimpses of her, I wished that I could capture her images on pictures; her charming display of expressions and hints of her intellect that ever so often spurred up in her smiles. The expressions in her smiles intertwined with the crispy autumn sun’s rays reflected on her shinny black hair was exuding an ecstasy of autumn scenery at the park. Unfortunately, there were no other students nearby her to appreciate her charming display of her beauty at that time. From the strands of wind blowing up on my face, I could feel the scents of her hair that had been washed earlier in the morning mixed with sweet smell of autumn leaves falling from the trees nearby. Bae was then about 22 years old, and she appeared at her best. She had a short hair, with two brads knotted low at the back of the head. A small ornament...was worn on the top of the head fastened by a narrow black band. Slightly pale and thin, with somewhat sharp features and brilliant piercing eyes, and yet she exuded gaiety.

My first half of freshman year flew by quickly with busy schedule, and I hadn’t seen Bae months after the picnic. The first encounter I had with Bae after the picnic was when Bae was invited over to Han’s apartment for a dinner; Han invited her and his friends on the campus occasionally, and he called me over for a dinner. When I went to his apartment, there were several graduate students. I was happy to saw Bae among the graduate students. The party had no guest with people in my age, which made me feeling a bit uncomfortable. As a person who grew up in a hierarchical society in which younger people are not usually encouraged to speak up in conversation with older people. With my presumption, I knew that Han would not like me to barge in his conversation with his friends, but rather to listen only. In large part, Han was obliged to invite me on that evening for he knew eating cafeteria food weeks several weeks can be fed up especially to the new students who are not accustomed to eating food from cafeteria. Despite Han’s charming personality, he too, like most of people in his peers, was brought up in times when hierarchical order in human relationship based on age has been norm of the Korean society where younger people were not particularly encouraged to participate in conversations when older people are present as a way to show them respects; even four or five years older age, unless they their social caliber exceeds their own which is socially not achievable for young people easily. For this reason, I knew that I shouldn’t barge in his conversations. However, during their conversation, despite my presumption on what Han’s liking would be, I barged in their conversation biting my teeth trying to make myself fit in the group as best as I can given the circumstance, and also as a sort of gesture implying them to relinquish his old-fashion attitude.

I was sitting along with them in a circle, and Han’s made eye contacts constantly to the invited guests excluding me, which made me feeling uncomfortable as though he was completely ignoring me, and all of a sudden, my mouth just splattered a sentence “I am part of your generation like you, in 20’s.” in front of all the people, which was a bit bizarre behavior on my part, but I felt that I had to say something. Bae might had been well aware of the fact I was mostly listening, not uttering a word, and she immediately started laughing without saying anything to diffuse the moment of awkward situation that I had induced, knowing that my statement had not even a strand of funniness to it. Bae laughed her heart out as if she understood the situation. Her laughing smoothed out the moment of awkwardness that I had induced abruptly; it was a subtle offense to Han, and I knew that there was not much thing for Han could do to smooth out the situation. Bae was quick and her laughing defused the situation as if nothing had happened. Her laughing totally obstructed my chance to see Han’s reaction on his face. Bae was socially apt like Han.  Her laughing showed me that she was very responsive and not shy in expressing her thoughts and feelings, which I found rare among women of her age. My statement would have hurt his feelings, and I subconsciously wanted to see his expressions, but Han carried out his conversation as if nothing had happened without a response. I spent rest of time at the party occasionally taking glimpses of Bae without focusing anything what was being said in the conversation. Bae was beautiful especially when she smiled, showing the two protruded upper canine teethes that conspicuously visible, which seemed to be god's attempt to induce imperfection on human had failed, which would only augment her facial expressions look to be more characteristic. Her smiles that ever so often seen with the teeth made a deep impression of her on my mind. Anyone could read her force of her intellect exuded in her expressions as the teeth sporadically were seen as she spoke. Considering the fact that orthodontic care was neither readily available nor common around the time when she was growing up in Korea,  it might had been somewhat a nusance for her; even if it had been, for anyone to have braces, having a canine teeth that was protruded conspicuously visible could have been somewhat embarrassing to her, and yet it is was one of her charms that she had possessed.

Several weeks after the party at Han’s party, I met Bae in the cafeteria at the Student Union while I was having a snack. She came over and sat next to me. I blushed a little recurring the embarrassing situation that I created at the dinner, but I felt that I needed to say something to her in order to keep her stay by me. I greeted her first, “안녕하세요?” She asked, “How are you doing?” I smiled and said that I am doing fine. I didn’t say anything about the comment I made to my brother-in-law, and nor she mentioned about it anything about it either, but I looked at her hoping that she would understand that I was being shoved down and swept away socially, or at least, I was hoping that she would understand stifles often felt by young Korean boys interacting with older people who are so blindly followed ills of Confucian culture, which-in my mind was rather undemocratic and unjust in human relationships, that demands subjugate role to older people. All these thoughts related to a bizarre comment I made at the gathering went across my mind as I was sitting face to face with her, and I felt that I needed to say something to her in order to keep her stay, but I could not think of anything else to say to her. Knowing that she was majoring in Psychology from my first encounter at the meeting, I asked her “Are you majoring in sociology?” She intrigued me for I always wanted to bring the issue of communication problems that exists in Korean society to someone like her, who is intelligent and had lived in that culture for a long time to aware of the issues that involved with older people can’t communicate with younger people. I wanted to say that I would like to meet her and become close friend of her, but I didn’t know whether it was appropriate to say that, and I was afraid that I might be founded impudent and she would not like me.

My second encounter with her was when I took a beginning level of psychology course that she was a TA. It was at the beginning of my 2nd year at the UW when I was taking the introductory course in a big classroom. The professor introduced her to some 300 students in a big auditorium giving perfect pronunciation of her name and even taking time to explain that Korean naming scheme is such that puts last name before first name, indicative of how much he was fond of Bae. I could read his joy in having Bae as his student, which was very visibly palpable on his face. As she came out at the front of the auditorium introducing her, I was stunned by her looks; having just returned from Korea taking months off from her summer vacation, she was wearing one-piece skirt with bright floral design, that seemed to flair of fashion with reflection of what girls would wear around the time, which was rather refreshing to me for I had been mostly around seeing girls wearing long pants on the campus.

After speaking eloquently in front of the class, introducing herself and her role as a TA for the course, she sat right next to me- it was first time I have ever sat in a class with a female Korean student in a classroom since when I was a 2nd grade! Her demeanor mesmerized me. In Korean society, for most of schools, boys and girls were separated starting 3rd grade. Her fresh look had totally robbed my attention- I could not pay attention to what the professor had to say. Naturally, Bae was the most exceptionally intelligent and beautiful Korean woman I had ever seen.

Bae speaks very good English and she has charisma; she had finished 2nd half of her elementary school education in the US. Considering the fact that she had spent only several years in the US, her spoken English was remarkable. She probably had practiced English hard for ten years after she had returned back to Korea not to forget it. However, attending Junior and High Schools in Korea, as she was going through her puberty, I would imagine that she might had accumulated some remnants of archaic thinking of older generation, which any young woman could easily have acquired: marrying as a means to sustain or upgrade one’s social stratification. The difference of her with other women might be that she has made the stride to come all the way to the U.S. after graduating from college and challenged herself to get her PhD, instead of settling down. In Korean standard, she was about to pass her normal age of her peers getting married, and every year she had spent studying in WM meant slipping away in time from finding a suitable man to be married, stepping into uncharted territories giving challenges to a conformist. In that respect, clearly, she had ambition and charisma to achieve her goal, and yet she balanced herself very well pursuing her dream of married life. In fact I was surprised to see that such woman could have been brought up in Korean society. The reason that she intrigues me to this day is that she had ability to reach out to people, and thus make herself to appear genuinely closer to people. Everybody loved her. Certainly, that quality of her had not been felt for the first time; my relationship with Bae was not as personal as with 재민누나 whom I associated with in Iowa City for two years preceding, but clearly, Bae had demeanor that made me feel I am part of her generation, which was very difficult to grasp from men of her generation, who were only five or six years older than I. Bae had probably realized that she could make impacts on people around her in early years. My longing to meet her had gradually developed over time ever since the picnic, and that longing had never ceased even after her marriage, which took place toward the end of my school years. In fact, I occasionally ran into her on the way to classrooms, but we would just exchange greetings and went about our ways. On one Sunday, I met her when she was on the way to campus swimming pool by a bus stop. She was wearing shorts and she stopped to greet me, but as usual, my conversation with her didn’t go beyond greeting her; she would have responded differently if I had been acting more mature and able to carry out conversation like Han. If it hadn’t been for my friends with me, I would have ask her whether I could accompany her all the way to the pool. Later on that evening, I regretted that I had not accompanied her, and I thought hard about myself as a Korean men who had been repressed in emotionally at the imposition by the society, and it looked to me that many Korean men including myself seemed to have passed their young adulthood missing opportunities to develop some of the crucial social skills associating with women due to constraints imposed by the society at least at that time. The Korean society rushed to separate boys and girls in their 2nd grade in elementary school, depriving them opportunities to develop their social skills.

In my earlier year at the UW, Bae often met Kim. I could see them chatting in the campus coffee shop. Kim and Bae smiled to me sitting by a table as I passed. They were butted head discussing something. As I made a big smile at Kim mischievously as if I were telling them that they are dating. He told me that he was teaching Bae about computer stuff, and I momentarily stopped and showed them a grin on my face at the thought of as if I had said, “Did I ask you the question?” smilingly. They seemed to make a good couple. Kim was a very nice man, who graduated from top school in Korea, equipped with gentleness and exuberance of confidence. He was an epitome of a Korean scholar, Sunbi, who was equipped with fine scholastic ability.  At the moment, I thought they would get married each other . However, later, a rumor spread that Kim asked Bae to marry him but he was turned down because Kim's intent was to continue living in the US after his studying. Soon after that, Kim went to Korea over summer vacation and returned as a married man, marrying a woman through a matchmaker. When I went to see him to ask a question for my study, his newly wed wife- who just came from Korea-prepared a nice meal for me. Sitting at the dinning table, when his wife was in the kitchen, I asked him how come he didn’t marry Bae, and how come he missed the opportunities of marrying Bae, and he replied to my question with smiles on his face. Although I was glad to see that he married, I was amazed how his romantic life had been turned around so fast and so soon; Kim finished one of his important part of his life within a month; finding someone to marry, preparing for the wedding and getting married.

After  Kim returned from Korea married, I saw Bae mingling with other men often the campus. One day, I saw she was sitting next to a Go-San who had graduated from the same school as Bae and he played good tennis. Seeing she was meeting other man casually, I was feeling sorry for Kim a bit having missed a chance to marry and baffled over her demeanor of nonchalance over the little affair I knew at that time with Kim. One day, I met Go-San on the way out from a dinning common by the a dormitory, and he bragged me that he had a date with Bae.  I figured that he wasn’t a guy with sophisticated demeanor as Kim to be able to sustain a long term relationship with her. I was disappointed that Bae had gone out with him, and started having doubts of her ability for judging character. One day, when I was passing in the Campus Center, I saw Bae was talking with Go-San smilingly sitting on a couch in the campus.

A dance party was held at the time when I was taking a sociology course that Bae was a TA. The party was held at the basement of a dormitory. I took a deep breath and went over where she was sitting across the room, and asked her to danced with me. She was sitting next to a man who I had never seen before, watching other people dancing on the floor. To my glee, she smiled and accepted my request. I reached my hands and she grabbed my hands gladly at the tune of a slow dance. I asked her who the man she was sitting next to her, and she replied to me that his name is Hee-june Yune who joined the electrical engineering department for his phD. I was trying to figure out what else I should say to her other than dancing to the tune, but I felt as if I was in a dream holding her hands.

I saw the Yune who was sitting by Bae at the dance party several weeks later on a weekend when a tennis games were help in the courts at the corner of the campus.  Yune seemed to have well adjusted himself to the new campus life at the UW, already having acquainted with many graduate students. After the game, he made an announcement that a dance party will be held at his place next Saturday and handed out flyers to the people that showed the direction to his apartment. He hosted a party get to acquaint with the people. When I went to the party on the following Saturday, there were group of people there including Bae and all other people who had graduated from the same collage that he went. He showed his place including a large waterbed in his bedroom. The waterbed was in dark color. For a moment, I thought that he had a peculiar taste to buy such bed, and then I thought that it might have been given by the precious occupants of the apartment for it is large to carry with.

There are number of my encounters with her. One day, after a practice of volleyball, a senior, Seunggy, invited all the people over to his apartment in Puffton. We went there and he served us cold drinks, and we listened to old songs. Bae was sitting in front of me, around the other female players. Bae took out a wallet and show the people around her sister's picture. Bae didn't initially held out the picture to me, the the point in time was brief when I was the only male among the people at that time, indirectly pointing at me. She Like Bae, the girl on the picture looked pretty to me. Then I jokingly responded by saying "Wow, that's what is called a real women" as if I had lived in an island for years without seeing a female of my age. Bae is oldest of her siblings, and I think that she is also take part of finding suitable mate for her sisters. I never thought her action very seriously at that time, but come to think of it, I regret that I had missed her intent. I could have chosen to find more information about her and weight the feasibility of going to Korea to find out more about Bae's sister.

Unlike most of Korean women, Bae was a very athletic woman who doesn't take lightly of doing exercises. I have seen athletic women in Korea, such as eldest daughter of  the lady who ran 'bean sprout factory' in the neighborhood, who walked like an football player, and my distant cousin who played tennis majoring in sports, but they focused on the sports not doing anything else much. However, Bae was different, she could swim every week to keep her in shape, with each time spending considerable time swimming.  Once a year, the UM KSA participated in a volleyball tournament held in in Iowa University. Her athletic ability developed from swimming made her become a major women's volleyball player. Unlike some other players in the team, she composed herself well receiving ball coming over the net fiercely without making any mistake. We practiced for the tournament every week for several months before the tournament was held in Cider Rapids. The UW team went to the semifinals defeating many teams. The UW KSA team was able to do that due to three players were instrumental; there were two players who were volleyball player in Japan. Yune followed her and we all went the Iowa University in Cider Rapids. When we lost, she cried.

Around the time when Bae passed her dissertation for her PhD, a meeting was held to elect a new president for KSA that represents both Korean undergraduate and graduate students bodies on the campus. People nominated her to lead the KSA since she has passed her PhD thesis and almost done with her studying. Bae easily won the election and she was expecting to have good supports from her fellow graduates as well as undergraduate bodies for her abilities, beauty and charms. Especially, she was expecting to get unyielding supports from the fellow graduate students who had graduated from the same school as her, especially from Yune. In fact, it may have been the idea of Yune to ask Bae to run for the position.

After Bae was elected, much to my surprise initially, her relationship with Yune had gotten closer. Despite he was not elected for any position, he became a right hand of Bae and she was often seen in handling the student affairs with him;  Yune became an influential force. Once, she invited executive members of KSA over to her her apartment for a meeting. When I arrived at her door, Bae had not arrived home yet and I saw a note posted by Yune on her door. At the meeting, Bae announced that Kim had been diagnosed with a serious medial condition and hospitalized. Bae suggested that a bouquet needs to be sent over to him on behalf of KSA.  Bae didn't seem to have been affected by the news.

After the incident, I met both Bae and Yune at a Korean church nearby in Allston. They were there to seek ties with the church introducing herself as a new president of KSA. Bae was a sociology major, and she was seeking every opportunity to enhance her experience in inter-generational, inter-cultural and inter-communities communication psychology. After the church service was over, one church goers told me that the church is going on a picnic, and asked me whether I would like to come along. I asked Bae whether she might like to go there with me. Yune's face turned red, and immediately he spitted out a word saying, "young man like you should never to say such thing." His very snobbish mind had just jumped out on me jabbing into my stomach hard, sending a chill down through my spine. I did not say a word in response with my mouth firmly shut. I left the scene without even saying a good-bye to Bae. After I returned to my dormitory, I thought about Yune’s remark in my room. For the answer that could have been easily said, “We are busy, we will go to the picnic if there is any opportunity next time.” It maybe that Lee did not know any other way to handle, the situation that has been created by me abruptly, then yielding himself to his typical disdainful attitude that he developed for decades. I didn’t make any comment because this is kind of attitude that any ordinary man of his generation might have displayed, even I might have reacted the same if I were in his shoe, but the thing is that there are people who would have reacted otherwise with gentleness and flexibility. If fact, I have see them. One thing so obvious to me was that he had do notion of respecting other human unless they are in the path of achieving his desires. Having grown up in Korea where show of respect to older people at the sacrifice of one’s individuality is considered a virtue, and such attitude is encouraged in large part governing human relationships, where obedience to teachers and parents is unquestioned, and rarely offered younger people chance to interact freely without constraints of such social mores that put the human relationship skewed in terms of mutual respect. Meeting older people was certainly uncharted territory at that time. I would think that, unless any boys in families with older sisters and brothers and had chances to be exposed with them, ordinary boys would have felt the same way. I was feeling uncomfortable seeing his unjust way of treating others. I was carrying a baggage that has been loaded by the societal norm, and yet inclined to somehow make them think that his treating me not in equal term because I am young is not very sophisticated. I want to imply to Yune that he has an old style thinking, that he is not a sophisticated person and discriminatory toward young folks.


Several weeks after the incident at the church, I met Yune and Bae in the Student Union by a vending machine as I was walking with several Korean undergraduate students. Yune asked us to step aside near the vending machine in low tone of voice initially saying a word of greeting.  Yune did not smile at all looking rather in a gloomy mood, and Bae was not either. He looked to me in my eyes and said that the graduates would like to break off ties with the undergraduates. I was stunned by his statement and could not utter a word wondering why he would say such thing. Despite he was not representing the graduate student body, he appeared to be acting as the president with Bae standing by him.  Bae was standing by him with no words in silence as Yune was delivering the statements.  This came as a utter disappointment to me. The lady I thought has compassion, charisma and caring eyes for humanity was merely an accomplice executing a divisive act of Yune taking place.  She had no charisma there. She was there taking part of punishing for my insolence at the church.  She had no commeradery or sense of compassion, but she reveled herself most vile that I had ever seen.  She came to me as a person who doesn't have firm principles on which she stood. She came to me as a person who is not very skillful at treating others, not very politically savvy person, somewhat very clumsy. My daughter recently graduated from the UM, and I asked whether Korean students get along between undergraduate and graduate students, and she she told me that they are not getting along despite same cultural heritage that they share. The legacy of Bae and Yune has been carried over three decades at UW.

For all along, I was seeing her in the releam of Queen Elizabeth who cared for unity of her people, but her dispositions was disappointing to me; she were very divisive:

" . . . therefore I am come among you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die among you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust. I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm . . ."

I knew that in over hurl there would be less of shared feelings between the two bodies as times go, but his statement came to me as purely a retaliation of my remark at the church. I've know many graduate students of his age in the campus as being a brother-in-law of Han, but one of them appeared to me as sly and divisive as Yune. Yune didn't have straightforwardness of ordinary people of his age, he would be merciless to the people he didn't like.  In one instance, he graded poorly to a project that was turned in by an older undergraduate Korean student when he was a TA, and the older student complained about his unfairness; apparently, he graded lower than he deserved so that he would not be penalized for any possibility of unfairness in grading students in the class.  He associated only with graduate students of whom Bae had acquaintance with, not going further trying to get acquainted with his won efforts.  He basically seized the incident at the church as a golden opportunity to reveal his long brewing intents of separating the student bodies in half. Coincidentally, it was a good time to make the move as everybody in his peers were in undergraduate had graduated and left the undergraduate school were left no longer in the school, and he seized that as an golden opportunity to break off the ties with the graduate students body for there will be no one from his peers who would come up to oppose his idea and that he personally doesn't feel obliged to nor have any desire to keep the relationship with, completely being disrespectful to sentiments as a Korean. It appeared to me that he had never mentioned that this issue had been raised and discussed within the graduate body. and he solely came up with the idea. As soon as he said that, my mind popped up with a statement once made, that the academic standing of UW is not as top notch as MIT, indirectly implying that the UM undergraduate school is not as top notch as the school he had graduated from in Korea although technically the undergraduate school he graduated from falls far below in many measures of academic ranking in the world standard surveys. I figured that basically that was the reason why he wanted to disassociate the graduate school students from the undergraduate school students. It sounded to me as though he wanted to rob away any opportunities for the undergraduate students to associate with the graduate students, not having any sense of the world of interdependent web of coexistence. He could have yanked out of himself on his own volition without dragging the whole graduate student body.  His intent was utter evil; he basically wanted to cut off any relations with undergraduate students abusing power on behalf of the graduate students. It maybe that he had been jealous of undergraduate students who had been largely in favor of the graduate students graduated from a different school than he. He decided to lash out the undergraduate students as he was so pissed off by my remark at the church. After all, most of the Korean students on the campus graduated from fine schools, and it was the sentiments of the undergraduate students to keep the relation intact to make college life more wholesome. Yune brought the idea out of blue in very improper manner and brute way as he ran into us at the Student Union by a vending machine. Bae stood by him in total silence, as unusual as I had ever seen, without a word coming out from her mouth as Yune was unveiling his intent. On that afternoon,  I thought that I had serious misgiving on her, who was standing by supporting Yune. Yune was man not so good looking in Korean standard; He was 5 feet 3" wearing wearing glasses in gold frame, that change its color. He gets close to people based on their social status and how they are related to upper class people in Korean society.

A month later, I ran into her on the out from Campus barbershop after having a lousy haircut, she passed by me smiling warmly and said to me "시원해 보여요" in a very kind way as if nothing had happened at the church,  as if not remembering what Yune had told me by the vending machine, not acknowleging the fact that she was taking in part trying to accomplish the Yune's scheme.   I  smiled back to her not to show of my feeling for the transgression that Lee made at the church. As she was passing by, I noticed that her smile was unusually natural and big with no hand blocking her mouth; her two canine teethes were gone--they were extracted. I sensed that that something great was forthcoming to her. She married to Lee on that year, she probably had those canine teethes for more than two decades, and she seemed quite pleased that they are finally gone.
On following weekend, I met Bae with several of her classmates from her school including Yune on a cafe, drinking and chatting at a table in a cafe. My friends and I found a separate table and as we were sitting waiting for our drink orders to come, they were leaving the place. As I said "bye,'  Bae told me that she is buying drinks for us. Normally, I would expect a Yune to have treated me in Korean cultural context, but Bae who was far more mature and more socially apt than the rest of the gang boys knew how to treat others well, which would have melted away any resentments one might have toward her and made the men with her looked more pathetic than before. Her demeanor was rather unusual for ordinary women and came as a big surprise to me given the environment of Korean society that I knew of at that time, in which girls were not raised freely to express their opinions. I always looked up to her as a woman who kept a good balance, like a tightrope walker on a balancing beam, between following the norm of the Korean society and adapting to what is called “sophisticated cultured” in the Westerner's point of view, which made her stand out. I saw her associating Lee as part of her efforts in dealing with this: his presence with her always made me to wonder about her dealing with one of her aspects.

One day, Yune called Han and invited him over for a dinner in a Japanese restaurant in downtown Allston. He wanted to thank him for a transfer of money that he receives from his parents to him, which Han helped him out. My sister and I tagged along. At the restaurant, he announced that he will be marrying with Bae in coming winter vacation and they are planning to go back to Korea for the wedding. Both my sister and Jay congratulated them. I could not say a word hearing the news. In fact, I was disappointed and had no idea why Bae would marry with Yune. Her decision to marry him was baffling to me; I thought it was very simplistic in her thinking. I become somewhat ambivalent when I think of sophisticated Korean woman would marry a person like Yune. Bae clearly has shown me many unusual qualities of Korean women that I had never been exposed of; her social skills, athletic abilities, sophisticated demeanor and etc, but as far as her decision to marry Yune was very predictable and ordinary in light of her other aspects; It maybe that Bae had no other choice.  Bae came from a good family, beautiful, and having a fine character that probably had been developed over the years with lots of studying and reading. When she smiled, her smiling was refreshing like a summer breeze, exuding intelligence and warmth. Marrying to Yune might had been her only choice, who inevitably end up marrying a person who grew up in one-dimensional society where academic achievement is overly emphasized overshadowing the quality of well roundness of a person, even looks, in this case. In any societies, marriages tend to take place within the socioeconomic groups and educational background. However, in the US, there are often cases where people marry one another out of the societal norm with simple reason that they love each other, even beyond crossing over racial differences. On the other hand, those exceptions are rarely seen in Korean societies. I remember seeing an article in a magazine, that a college woman liked a man running a stall selling “붕어빵” nearby her school ended up marrying the man. It became a sensational love story that the magazine company decided to cover their love story. Basically, Bae was marrying a man had lack of sensitivity with basic human quality deprived; no demeanor that reflect genuine appreciation and understanding for humanity was observed in him. He had lack of sensitivity for people’s needs, no showing any traits that have been developed as a results of thinking other people in non-egocentric view. It maybe impudent of me to judge a person’s character of a person who was still relatively young at that time, but not all Korean men turned out to be like him. Of course, there are people with varying degree of ills of Confucian thinking and behavior that one may inevitably have to be carried with since it may be hard to expunge all together in their college years. Or, it maybe had been too much to ask him to expunge those traits in four years in his college years. Nevertheless, I am sure that those who already knew him would have passed a character judgment on the person to whom Bae would be married. Yune is a man who had probably grew up in the society that endowed with Yi dynasty's aristocratic attitude with old-style thinking. By any measure, his short height would make wearing any old style aristocrat’s outfit clothing fit rather awkward. It’s hard to imagine his face with mustache and beard, walking in high boots and wearing a traditional hat with long outfit with a narrow black belt holding a long smoking pipe. Certainly, he was a modern man in comparison with my teachers when I went High School in Korea, and yet their ill traits can be palpable in his attitude; the subtlety of him looking downing upon people who don't fit to the norm of aristocratic background. He treated people unfairly based on this measure. He favored my friend over me due to the fact that my friend’s relative was holding a professorship in the college where he had graduated. When three of us talking, he would make eye contact only to my friend. He uses honorific form of addressing a person in conversation with younger people, not for his genuine politeness or respect, but rather to keep himself distant from them as a sly tactic to disassociate with people whom he regarded as "not desirable quality." After Yune had received his PhD, he went to Korea and landed a professorship, a ticket to be a member of aristocratic society in Korea. Many years after he had left out of the sight, I met him once in Korea accidentally in hallway coming out of  a building after attending a seminar. He identified me immediately. I asked him how Bae was doing, still baffled over how Bae ended up marrying to the buy standing right in front of me now, trying to unearth the mystery still lurking back in my mind. I hadn’t seen him for ten years and I asked him how his wife was doing. He looked much older than last time seemingly appeared not too happy despite marrying with Bae, Perhaps, that his chauvinistic and Confucian mind had hard time providing lip services to his superiors at work. I think that the odd of chances of becoming like Yune weigh more in Korean society than Kim, unless a man came from a very good family background. It maybe that Kim had higher EQ than Yune, being able to camouflage himself not to show any vulgar demeanor that would often be seen as a result of side effects of the education system that would inevitably implant such characteristics in the students.


After Bae returned from Korea marrying Yune, she invited a bunch of girls, Han and my sister over to her house, and naturally I tagged along to congratulate her. There were bunch of  young undergraduate girls were flipping trough pages of her wedding photo albums excitedly, deeply engrossed in seeing the photos making all sorts of complements, and I was watching it along with them. She was wearing a while wedding dress in the pictures with Yune standing by her wearing a suit, with every photos showing no smile on his face. I was wondering how a lucky man would have such stern faces at the time of marriage ceremony standing by such a fantastic woman. I remember that night that I visited Bae place clearly; snow was falling heaving in that part of the state and my car skidded coming down hill at her apartment complex. The snow was coming down heavy by the time we left her place. The snow on that night had potent effect on my mind to slowly fade away my memories on her even though there has been sporadic convulsion of her memories whipped through my mind.  I had incidents of meeting her several times after she married: one day I saw her was holding up her newly born daughter at the cafeteria in the Student Union one day. I stopped by and smiled to her and to her newborn baby.


2012년 8월 14일 화요일

일본인이 부러워하는 한글

 나는 "한글이 우수하다"라는 말은 어렸을적에 많이 들어 보았었는데, 왜 우수한 글인지는 다른나라 글, 일본글을 배우면서 몸소체험을 하였다.

일본어을 상냥하고 예쁜 일본인 선생으로 부터 배웠는데, 공부하면서 일본어는 한국말과 유사해 한국어에서 유래되었다는  생각을 자주 하곤했다 - 한국어와 같이 존대어가 있고 그 방식또한 흡사해 매우 놀라웠고,  존댓말이 유교의 영향을 받아 생긴 거라면 일본말은 거의 "조선시대까지도 한국어의 영향을 받지 않았겠나 !" 깊은 의구심을 불어 일으켰다. 일본어는 문법이나 어순이한국어와 같아  배우기는 쉬웠는데, 히라가나, 그리고 왜래어을 표기하는 가다가나 그리고 한문까지 두루두루 섭렵하기는 쉽지 않았다 - 한마디로 말하면, 일본글을 깨우치기에는 시간이 너무 오래 걸린다!
일본글을 깨우치기위해 공부하는 일본 초등학생들의 고충이 느껴진다.

어느날, 이일본어 선생을 길거리에서 만났는데, 선생은 나에게 자기가 한국말과 글을 배워보았다고 말했다.  나는 한국어 배우기가 어떠하였냐고 여쭈어보았는데, 재미있었다고 말씀 하시고는  이런 하소연을 하셨다:
"한글이 백년만 일찍 발명 되었어도 지금 일본은 한글을 쓸텐데..."

나는 이런 말씀을 듣고 깜짝 놀랐다. 당시 일본은 경제적으로 잘나가는 나라였고,  한국은 가난을 거쳐그때당시 데모로 찌든 나라였기에, 선생의 이말은 나에게 매우 감미롭게 들렸고, 일본인은 이런말을 할수있구나 의아해하고 신기하기 까지 하였다.  나는 상냥한  이런사람들이 어떻케 한국사람을 잔혹하게 했을까! 생각해 보았다.

어떠한 이유에서 선생은 나에게  백년이라는 숫자을 언급하셨을까? 혹시 이분도 초등학교에서 글을 깨우치다가 염증을 느꼈을까? 그래서 한글에 관심을 갖어 배우지나 않았나 추측도 해 보았다.  선생님의 말씀은 한글이 조선에서 백년만 일찍 발명되었더라면 일본은 한글의 우수함을 알아채리고 임진왜란(1592년)때 조선으로부터 가져와 조선보다 먼저 일본에 보급시켜 버릴수 있었다는 말처럼 들렸다.

만약에 일본이 임진애란때 한글을 가져다 지금 쓰고 있다고 가정한다면 어떨까?  한글은 1443년에 발명되었으니까,  굳이 100년전이 아니더라도 충분히 약 150년후의 임진왜란때 일본이 가지고 갈수있는 일이었다.

만약에 한국은  지금까지 계속 한문위주로 쓰고,  신문에서는  빼앗긴 한글을 일본으로 부터 가져와야한다는 한자투성이의 글을 보고있다고 생각한다면 어떨까?

2012년 7월 4일 수요일

동포- Joining Korean diaspora


 I once read an autobiographical story of  a man who was fleeing from the harsh rules of Imperial Japan during the colonial era in Korea.  Going across Eurasian continent and heading to Germany in a train ride, the author described sorrows of departing the beautiful  Korean town where he grew up in the long journey. As he started living in a foreign country, he felt terrible homesickness, and then it slowly subsided; the emptiness in his heart was slowly getting smeared with something warmer, which perhaps might had been brought by sole getaway from all the tribulations back in Korea.  However, despite the escape, he could not shake off loneliness completely, and his soul was still searching and yearning for more perfect place where he could feel warmth.  

 Having grown up in Seoul during my childhood more than several decades later, I can still feel that impact of the tumultuous time the country had for the past decades with scars of war in the eyes of old folks and remnants of destruction from the war, through which I could understand what it must had been like for author to leave his hometown in desolate feeling. Although things were not as rustic as may had been at the time when the author grew up in his hometown, after more than two decades Korea gained its independence, it was still a hard time for the country recuperating itself from devastation of the war in a new state of being "divided." Growing up in Seoul, I still saw similar thatched roof houses that would have appeared on Korean War films on T.V. in out-skirt of the Shinchon, nothing much different from the scenes from the T.V, by which U.S. solders trudging along in narrow paths in rice paddies carrying ammunition on their back.

During my childhood in 70's, I witnessed Korea going through quintessential period in the time of the republic's history where its traditional and rustic rural country atmosphere was getting its facelift  turning into becoming an industrialized country; the traditional houses, Han-Ok, were getting demolished and new western style houses were built in the places.  As uptake on the industrialization kicked in, psychological, political, and sociological changes in the society started taking place. 

Every year, in the beginning of December, I watched Kimchi pots getting buried underground in the front yard as flurries stated popping up from the overcast sky while my uncle was huffing and puffing digging the ground bellowing steam out from his mouth, and watched my great grand mother walking up to it drawing a bowl of Kimchi as a dog housed at the corner of the front yard noticed her coming and started barking to call her attention and then the sound of it turning into a growl in disappointments as she went out of sight going into the kitchen with no regards for him. On the fortnight, as the hallowing wind was blowing in the depth of cold winter,  the dog, having not received much of attention from her, would moan sporadically interleaving its sound in the wind, upon which my great grandmother would open the sliding door from her room and peer out making a brief kind statement for him which surprisingly quelled the night. 

In later winter, I helped digging a hole for a pot to be buried underground in preparation for making Donchimi, and when the Donchimi was ready, I tasted the cold Dongchimi that was freshly drawn from the pot in a bowl in which ice chips were floating. 

My grand mother used to get the fire going on the inlet of Ondol outside at the front yard burning woods for heating her room every evening in the winter and some time later, she would gather the embers in a Wahro that made out of clay to be brought into her room for additional heating inside, and we would often gather around the Wahro after dinner and talk with great grandmother. She would toss in a sweet potatoes or chestnuts for a treat. What a bonding experience that it was!! 

How else one's psyche can be ingrained deeper into becoming a Korean?

Like the author escaping from the brutality of Japanese occupation, many Koreans emigrated to other countries in search of  freedom, prosperity and better life thereafter, and the diaspora of Korean has been ongoing over a century. I also hopped on the bandwagon heading to America, not in time of tribulation, but one a early summer day as my great-grandmother whom I never seen outside my house in Shinchon crying at the end of path where a taxi was waiting.   Like the author of the story, I hopped into the bandwagon thinking that something better out there for me, catching a long fight without knowing its full name other than the acronym "U.S.A."


 The Korean immigration history in the U.S. is shorter than that of other countries such as China, Russia or Japan, but whatever their motives and reasons to leave Korea may have been,  in 21st century, the mosaic of Korea population around the globe has become as colorful and diverse as world is getting closer.  More than two millions of Koreans now live in the U.S., and four times more people are living in other countries outside of Korea. This is interesting phenomenon as S. Korea is also becoming multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society, which was inconceivable even twenty years ago.

As diaspora of Korean expands, the norm of Korean does not only applies to the people living in the Korea but it encompass the breadth of population with a wide spectrum of the people, even the people who want to identify themselves with having endowed with a little bit Korean heritage and Korean adopted children, throughout the globe.  For the Koreans who emigrated,  their lives may have not been easy in the new land where culture, people's sentiments and custom are markedly different from Korea. The early immigrants to the U.S working in Hawaiian sugar plantations had to endure harsh environments with their daily backbreaking work, and as recently as in L.A. where Korean convenient store owners grappled with their stores in flames as the racial conflicts between Black and Whites due to Rodney King's verdict took a diabolical turn making the Blacks to air their frustrations racketeering the Korean shops; the blacks destroyed their valuable assets causing more than 1.3 billion dollars in damage.

After all, whether we like it or not, immigration is, by definition, setting a foot  and sailing into a new uncharted territory; it maybe a lifelong experience that no people in Korea would get a firm grasp of its understanding as each immigrant would have a unique experience in the new land.  People in Korea might call anybody who have emigrated as 'DongPo," but the sound of it may strike with unfamiliarity even to some people who have lived in the new land over several decades as their memories of Korea still fresh.

More than three decades ago,  I was sitting on a couch at home in Shinchon one day reading an newspaper article about Koreans who had been taken by Imperial Japan and sent on forced labor to Sakalin Island of Russia, above north of Japan. They were being stranded after Japan lost the war, as the Soviet Union repossessed the island.  Even several decades after end of the war, they were still stranded in the island, unable to move back to their homeland due to subsequent Cold War. As the Republic of Korea had no diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union,  Korean government had to ask Japanese government who was culpable, but mere echos of fuzzy gestures would be returned as Japan could not do anything for them either. Ever since, the feeling of angst ran down amongst Koreans for inability to bring them back, and sympathy for the people ran high in the country especially during the holidays.


After immigrating to the U.S. in my youth, at least in the initial stage, my life was like theirs when they were taken with apprehension initially, living in the unfamiliar land.  Although it was nothing comes close to the sufferings that the people in the island had to endure, the depth of my homesickness ran pretty deep initially. As time went,  it slowly subsided and my thoughts on the people had long been forgotten.


However, the presence of the people resurfaced in my memory after ten years later, in 1984, still in Cold War, on a summer day, when a friend of mine at UW, who had spent several years teaching English in Japan, introduced me a Korean girl who was visiting a school nearby to learn English. The girl came to the school along with Japanese students from Japan. I met her in a local Cafe at a table by the glass wall looking through the street side.  She told me that she had N. Korean passport, and took out her passport with its reddish cover that says "조선인민공화국," which struck me with qualm in my stomach initially for I had never met anybody carrying a N. Korean passport; all along in youth in Korea,  I had been taught nothing but strong sentiments against North Korean Communist Kil Ill-Sung regime. However, contrarily to the sentiments and politics that would have dictated my mores, I sat face to face as a human being transcending above politics and the sentiments, which I found it odd and interesting.  It was a good feeling because I felt all the stifles that bounded between North and South politically had been suddenly expunged with no restriction as if I found a new freedom; I had a illusion that I was meeting a girl from N. Korea in a Cafe in Seoul as if the two countries were being united.  It was a strange experience meeting her and drinking coffee together after having being separated for over thirty years with no talks in between two parties at that time.  After talking with her several hours, I focus sifted to pain that I had felt when I read the article about the stranded in the island. The girl's parents was most perhaps be like those people who had been victimized by the Imperial Japan which had inflicted insurmountable pains to Koreans. Talking with her, I felt that chapter of Korean history under the occupation of Imperial Japan had still not ended as she seemed to hide the prejudices and mistreatment that she had to endure living in Japan as Jainichi.


Personally, it was my first time I had ever encountered the reality of long standing chapter of Korean saga with Japan.  I could not sleep on that night, not because I have fallen in love with her, but rather thinking about the prolonged sufferings that the people still had to endure  for the unfathomable chapter in history still has not been closed, that is not explained in details in the history textbook.


Several decades have past since I met her, and the world has changed: Berlin Walls and the Soviet Union have collapsed, and China opened its door and become a major economic power.  If I ever meet the girl again,  I would relate to her better as I feel more a person in her shoe, separated from the main group, drifting further away.

Several years ago, I read an interesting article published in a Korea newspaper which was written by a person who had just returned back to Korea after living many years in the U.S.  She  stated that her reason of returning back to Korea was due to "not making her children lost in between two cultures" as her children were becoming teenagers.  For me, there is no sense of losing my identity or losing myself in between two culture since I came to the U.S. after my identify had been well established.  Furthermore, I corresponded with my friends back in Korea and I visited Korea on number of occasions meeting my friends and relatives. Nonetheless, time wore it off, eventually losing intimate touch with  Korea.  However, the major breaking of that intimacy seemed to be getting broken when my close relatives have passed away.  Especially, when my uncle in Korea whom I related closely in my childhood passed away recently, I felt the pain of my intimate connection to Korea getting broken.

Reading this newspaper article, I asked myself what she meant by that at the time when Korea started to embracing multiculturalism.  Nowadays, Korea is getting more diversified, and when her children become adults, Korea will even be more culturally diverse. As a Korean, it's hard to imagine that the country has long been homogenous in culture is going multicultural and undertake task of "embracing" which is a leap forward concept that has never been dealt with.


After I left Korea in my childhood, the country was set in the faster track moving toward industrialization, eclipsing many facets of what I had known as Korea; lots of mountains, buildings, city layouts and cultural artifacts were demolished, changed its layout, removed and changed indiscreetly.  There also has been political economic shifts, and changes in landscape with the mega churches, the huge apartment complexes; big changes in physicality entails big changes in mind, sentiments and mind.  Korea is NOT the Korea I used to know.  Nowadays, most of Koreans are living in complete different life styles; living in tall apartments, driving cars and using smart phones, and bullying in school is as rampant as in the U.S. which was virtually none when I grew up. Nowadays, if one wants to experience the rural atmosphere that was so close within the reach, it would take four hour ride on a train.

After living in the U.S more than three decades, my understanding for the people stranded in the island has gotten bigger than thirty five years ago, in the way that their emotion and sentiments have been shaped after along separated culturally so long. Luckily, I have been blessed with the modern technologies allows me to watch Korean news to keep me updated, but my sentiments has been changed unable to watch all kinds of Korean comedies. Those people in Sakalin island had lived their lives wishing to return to Korea, but when the Soviet Union collapsed and they became free to leave, some of their offsprings no longer identified themselves as Koreans due to no Korean cultural contacts, but wanted to identify themselves as part of Korean diaspora.

So the thing is that we, whether we live in Korea or outside of Korea, we all share something in common: we are all part of this Korean diaspora moving toward becoming a "better Korean" and "better human being."  The Koreans living outside of Korea can share their experiences and come to understanding of each other to foster good environments for future generations to live in their adopted land. They have to juggle many things such as adapting to the new culture and embracing integration into the newly founded country. 


Historically, marriages tend to form mainly within the same cultural group or within geographical proximity since likelihood of two persons meeting for courtship would be within same culture boundary. But this trend has long been broken in parts of the world centuries ago in Europe, where couples of loyal families of two different countries marry each other as a result of migration and colonization were prevalent historically in European countries. On the contrary, migration seldom occurred until the turn of the century as people escaped from the colonial rule and as door opened for migration; people seeking better living in other parts of the world has been fairly recent. There are now more than seven millions of Koreans and their descendants live outside of Korea, and now Korea diaspora has spread over even to regions of the world that used to be considered remote.  As Korean diaspora expands, even Korea is now increasingly  becoming more multicultural society, which was not hard to imagine some fifty years ago. Interracial marriage is now common as the country become more multicultural. This is something unimaginable since Korea has been formed its own culture as closely nit society for so long.

In light of multicultural impacts on the society,  Koreans would have different ideas for all facets of their living including their marriage. It has been such that the people weighs heavily on marriage, requiring lots of money spent on the ceremony following preconceived notion on societal norms.

 If we follow the norms of  the society, marrying will be tougher. The boundary which to make the inclusion should be wider.  Nowadays, Koreans' thoughts on marriage have been changed drastically; lots of people stay unmarried.  Nonetheless, since basic motivation for getting married is to have their offsprings, 'staying unmarried' maybe temporal and the marriage institution would survive with introduction of new ideas and concepts such as interracial marriage.  If you are a conformist following the societal norm for marriage, it would be quite difficult to marry someone because you would need meet all the criteria; finding a mate and having a wedding is quite expensive, it has become virtually impossible!


Many of my relatives in Korea have passed away, leaving me fewer and fewer people to visit when I go back, which gave me thoughts to feel the vacuum has been formed in my heart that seem to be bothering as I was getting older.  The human relations that I had enjoyed in my neighborhood and the coziness that I had experienced with my extended family members in my youth seem no longer attainable.  The whole thing that I took for granted will be missed as I become older, that I know, despite all the development of social media.  That emptiness starts slowly dissipated as I open my eyes for new way of relating to humanity: like what I grew up watching the beauties of Korea in my childhood, other people I meet in the U.S. and other countries would have had same experiences in their childhood that are so unique in their cultures. I see Korea in other people: the humanity that I felt is reached beyong Korea to Korean diaspora and to the people in the world, becoming a world's citizen.

[New Paradigm]

2012년 5월 10일 목요일

자식과 부모의 관계- Life long relationship between parents and children in Korea

In my opinion, the relationship between Korean parents and their children does not evolve in the similar path as their counterparts in the Western World where communication seem to be more open and free, blossoming their relationship as they grow older; I would want to speculate that it's because the time in which the the Korean parents and the children  become free for parents in financial matter gets delayed well into their children's adult lives.  The Korean society does not encourage achieving financial independence to its young citizen with ample summer jobs or entrephranurships. Furthermore,  the parents are more concerned of fulfilling their unfulfilled desire of achieving social recognition sacrificing themselves financially for their children, imposing their children to keep on studying to finish up college or even get higher degree. Therefore, the financial toll that Korean parents have to pay for raising their children tend to be far greater, which can affect their relationships.

 Given the societal norms that education is emphasized, Korean parents feel more obligated to take brunt of expenses rearing their children's education until they finish up colleges. Furthermore, their  financially burden is even exacerbated by paying good portion of their marriage expense and buying home. The expenses for getting married is quite high in Korea. For instance, for those who don't go to church having to rent a wedding center instead,  renting a place for wedding can run up as high as several millions Won just for couple of hours in use.

 In the society where welfare system is not well established, this poses problem later in their lives when they need to support themselves; their savings may have already dwindling by the time their retirement kicks in.  In that respect, parenting, in terms of finances, becomes an investment  on their children, expecting some returns when the children grow up. However, things are not always the case for their children wounded up to be able to support their aging parents due to rising costs of living and children's own lives can throw at themselves with curved balls, not having enough money to support their parents.

This shortage of retirement fund for the parents is also self-created on parents' part; Korean parents often make unrealistic investments on their children.  Some Korean parents often don't have good parenting skills, spending lots of money on their children buying clothes, electronics, sending them off to summer schools, and going on vacations with no saving for their future in mind. The parents don't have much educational philosophy established in their mind. They are not good at communicating with their children. For example, it may be that they need $10 for all they need to go to see a movie or buy a CD, but the parents give them $100 or $200 instead.  The more they spend money on them, their expectation would rise. Korean parents want their children to go a good college, spending lots of money for hiring tutors, sending them off to camps, without taking time to think what they really need.  Korean parents usually think that spending money on children will eventually give them good returns.  This is quite different from the counterparts in the western world.  For example, there are many American parents act like Korean parents, spending more money than necessary for their children, but they all seem to do that for their own enjoyment, not for their children.  The American parents do not anticipate their spending money is for something in return from their children. Generally, American parents would spend less money on their children and try to save money for their retirement.

 Because American parents would not spend money without knowing what their children's need are, they ask their children and carry out discussions with their children.  So, there is communication in between the parents and children.  When their children go to college, they expect their children make their own decisions on spending money.  Once they go to college, it's "give and take" come into play between parents and their children. It's parents' job to find out what their children needs are through various means (i.e.  gathering during holidays and talking on the phones and etc)  and offer whatever the help within their means, also the children also help their parents in such manners; the children start thinking that it's time for them to help out their aging parents; it's a happy coexistence.  However, the relationship between Korean parents and their children not often unfold like that: Parents' needs are seldom addressed by their children because they are still burdened by paying high bills for supporting their own kids like their parents.

2012년 4월 5일 목요일

사랑하는 아가씨에게 - To my dearest







How many times I wished I had run into you, 아가씨!

I saw you one day going into Shinchon market once;
It was late in the evening in dusk when the the sun was setting, shedding its last rays for the day.
I was walking my way back home from school,
after getting off at a bus stop.
As I was walking by a pharmacy,
I caught a glimpse of you and your Mom walking toward the market;
you were totally oblivious to my presence at that time.
I was standing behind you, watching you...
Your two braided pony tails hair swayed as you walked.
How thrilling the moment it was!
It was a lucky day for me!
All my stifles went away instantly seeing you right there in front of me!
I stood there watching you, walking farther away, moment after moment, until you disappeared into the crowd.
After you were gone, I stood there still watching the path that you just walked on.
From that day on, I always took the path to see if luck would strike me again.

My lucky day again!
When I saw you walking down the hill in front of a church, a strand of gentle breeze was blowing upon your hair. You were wearing a white shirt, and it made color of your shirt flutter like a butterfly. It looked as though a butterfly landed on your shoulder; how beautiful the scenery it was!
Your smile was the sweetest!
What a gorgeous spring day it was!
The moment I caught glimpse of your expression,
I was startled at the thumping sound of my own heart.

In Shinchon Market,  one evening before Christmas,  I caught a sight of you passing by me.
I saw you through the window of the shop.
You were walking with your friends.
You didn't notice that I was inside the shop looking at you.
I could see you smiling without being noticed.
Oh, I have to admit that there was a tug of war within me whether to call upon you.
I told you that you are an angel descended from heaven, and you laughed at me,
but I can still tell you thousand times more!

What a fantastic day it was!
It was early in the morning on a early summer day.
Do you remember?
You were wearing a school uniform with your hair braided in two pony tails as usual.
You were folding a present sitting in front of me when Sunday morning  lights was shining through the window touching your hair soft as silk.
You told me that you like the uniform I was wearing.
Oh! how much I wanted to say to you, " How beautiful you are!"
Oh! How much I wanted to say looking into your eyes,  "I want hold you in my arms!"

Fantastic!
What a thrilling moments it was!
 Who could have arranged the gathering in the midst of our hectic lives other than the angels from the heaven!
You were initially sitting across me,  I remember, you were smiling.
It was in the evening in someone else's house.
You were wearing a white vest underneath a floral designed shirt.
Oh! how happy I was to be able to sit right besides you....My lucky # 6!
I was thrilled. How could one be so lucky as I am!
We sat together right next to each other for more than an hour!!

I caught the sight of you when my yearning for your attention was ever unyielding.
You were passing by while I was climbing a tree at the park.
You saw me on the tree and asked, "What are you doing up there? It's dangerous."
Oh! what a moment that it was! I was so pleased to know that you care about me.
I wanted to come down from the tree and pounce on you!
Had it not been for your friends walking with you!

We share a time together on a fine autumn afternoon.
You were standing on a bridge, taking a picture.
 Your lips turned blue and I was wondering why.
I handed over you my jacket,  and when  you gladly accepted it with a smile.
Oh! what a joyful moment it was!! I just went out of my mind with euphoria!
A devil was jealous of my smile!
The devil's face turned blue!
The devil's stared at me.
And I kept smiling, and the devil yield.
The devil fled.
What a triumph!
The devil ceased to exist on that day!
 The devil will never come upon you!
 I would not trade the moment with a million dollars!
For the triumph. I will blow a trumpet in celebration!
The trumpet sounds will echo through the town, and all people will hear it.
 If the devil had snatched the moment, I would chase after him thousands miles!


I heard your voice coming from compartment of the train we were riding together, heading back to Shinchon on a fine autumn evening; I heard you talking and giggling with your friends.
Yes! Yes! Yes! we were riding together, only ten feet away from each other.
Who could have created such a wonderful moments!
 I was standing on the balcony watching the golden color of rice field, all sparkling golden, waiting to be harvested.
As the train passing by a long stretch of the field, and your voice reverberated tickling my ears as I my face is bombarded with cool autumn breeze coming from the the rice field.
The beautiful panoramic view was breathtaking!
 I want to hear your voice again..that sweet melodious sounds and the beautiful scenery like two butterflies dancing together in mid air!
Who would have known that the melodious sound was a precursor of my endless yearning for you!
On that night, returning home after getting off the train, a tide of yearning for you encroached upon me, making me to walk for miles restlessly.

Do you remember the day I bid you farewell.
We  bumped into each other on the street.
Did I ask you where you were coming from?
Did I say to you, "what a coincidence!"
Oh, I must have been too thrilled to remember any what I asked to you.
I can't remember anything for the walk that would take at least fifteen minutes.
What I was thinking?
 What did you say during the time?
I am so curious to know.
Do you remember?
We've had many coincidences like this; don't you think so?
The weather was hot and the asphalt was melting in the heat, that I remember.
I reached my hand to shake hands with you at the bus stop, and you reached your hand out.
Your hand was as soft as pluffy pillow.
I thought I had said everything I wanted to say to you.
Woe to the weather, robbing my mind.
Alas, who could have thought that there were still myriad of things to tell you, but you already stepped into the bus.
Oh! the damn month of July!
I saw you already walking in the bus to find a seat.
I was caught up watching your hair, your clothes for the last moment...
Oh! why didn't I tell you that I want to take you home. Why? Why? Why?
Oh! I should have pound on the bus to stop at the moment.
I should have hopped on the bus and kept you accompany all the way to your home!
I regreted it thousand times!
Oh! how embarrassing it is to your Mom!

골동품이야기-My close encounter with Korean artifacts

When I moved in to Philadelphia in summer of 1992,  I started attending a Korean church where I met Rev. Kim.  One day, during coffee hour,  the reverent came over and asked me whether I would be willing to move into a big house and receive reduced rents in exchange for doing some chores for an old lady living in a big house alone. Since I was young and had great energy to do almost any chores, I took the offer gladly and started thinking about moving out of my apartment which I paid large monthly rents at that time. On Saturday following, I headed out to meet her at her house on a hilltop.

핸손할머니 was an German lady living in suburb of the city.  Her house was located on a hilltop with spacious gravel parking lot which was even in higher elevation. As I was coming out of the car, the panoramic view of the city unfolded with winterly cool breeze in early February. Her house had three tall pillars supporting roof for shade at the entrance and  a big door with a big ornamental door knob. A big light fixture made out of cast-iron painted in black was hanging from the ceiling drawing my attention as it swayed gently back and forth in wind. After pressing the buzzer, I glanced at the long iron chain from which it was hanging with a little apprehension to check that it was securely affixed, as I was waiting for someone to answer the door.

 When the door was opened, an old lady peered. She kept on holding the door knob with her big hand as she spoke, "I have been expecting you. Please come in."  She appeared to has been a very strong and tall lady despite her hunched back. She said "Did you have any trouble finding the place?"  Her voice roared with vitality as she guided me down the hallway. The hallway had many old Asian pictures hung on the walls.  Passing by a reading room, I saw full of books shelved covering all four sides of the wall;  more books were piled up on top of a big mahogany table in the middle of the room, making me to transpose the scholarly demeanor with the old lady with hunched back. Right across from the reading room was a big living room with a dinning table that can seat a dozen people, making coaches at the corner looked a lot smaller than the one I had in my apartment.

As I entered the room, a parakeet in a cage near the entrance fluttered as if she was trying to draw my attention, but my head turned quickly to more paintings and artifacts displayed in the room.  The room was big enough to hold a large banquet and all 4 sided walls had many Asian paintings on display.  As I was starring at the paintings, the old lady asked me to seat.  A large crystal chandelier was hanging from the ceiling, making me feel as though I was in one of the big room at a museum.  She started talking, not in very cordial and amicable way. She told me that hurt her back and she needed a person to help doing chores in the house in exchange for reduced rent.

She told me that her husband passed away ten years ago, and had lived in Korea with her late husband in 60's for almost ten years. However, it seemed to me that she had demeanor of an aristocrat and never had mingled much with ordinary people; she never spoke a word in Korean.  She had love for arts, but not particular interests for Asian, for that matter  in Korean Arts.  Her husband's close affinities with Korean arts  never seemed to have been transpired her. However,  She kept pretty much all the belongings of her late husband; her husband's old books were still in the reading room collecting dust.  It made me to wonder what she is going to do with all the stuff that had been left by her husband, and why she would still hold unto them even after 10 years. Why doesn't she get rid of the big house and move into a smaller house and stay warm instead of  virtually no heat running in the big house.  The cold weather outside made me feeling still cold inside with not much heating in big house.

I moved into her house soon after canceling my tenancy for the apartment I was renting.  On the day, as I   was moving stuff in the house,  she was very concerned of any artifacts or painting would be damaged by moving furniture as they were carried through doors and stairways, and her agitation can be felt as she was standing velegantly very close to the moving furniture ignoring my apprehension that she might get hurt by them. 

My room was in upstairs, one of several rooms; nobody else lived on the other rooms,  so bathroom and a little kitchen on the 2nd floor was used exclusively for my own.  The house was old, but the room was gorgeous with several french doors taking up one entire wall. I put my bed facing the wall so that I can see through the window in the morning sun rising; the lights coming through the window and the whole scenery was beautiful in clear weather.

핸손할머니 never called me for a cup of a tea, so we never had any good conversation. I got to know  more of her through talking with the minister during the coffee hours.  According to the minister,
Her husband was a diplomat from the U.S. Her husband had left her with many artifacts that he brought to the U.S.  The artifacts were hung on every room of the house except my room. Right across the room that I had rented. Several evenings, I went into the rooms on the 2nd floor; there were many artifacts and paintings in the rooms.  The rooms were equipped with buzzer for alerting police department in the event a robbery occurs.

 On windy day, the light fixture would swing making a creepy noise.  The house was over a hundred years old, and the cellar of the house had more artifacts in the storage area with its door locked with dead-bolted lock.  

One day, I saw Chusa's picture hung right at the entrance. I was amazed that the picture was only seen in a text book in poor quality, but it was shown right before my eyes in 30 cm away in real.  I pointed out that the picture is hung very close to the door and anybody can come and easily take it away.  On the next day, I saw that the picture was missing, which baffled me whether it might have been stolen--it was moved away from the entrance father away in a room among with other paintings and artifacts.

Living in that big house alone with 90 years old lady was somewhat a creepy experience when weather  was windy.  The light fixture that was hung from the shade at the main entrance would make creepy sound as wind blew and the thoughts that old lady with all wrinkly face is in downstairs could come upstairs added to the creepiness despite the fact that there had never a moment she came upstairs during my stay in the place.  I had never seen any house keeper cleaning the rooms upstairs either.

Mrs. H was very suspicious of me.  She never invited me for a cup of a tea.  She voice can be loud with no problem and she called me from downstairs and I could still hear her.
One day, she told me that she would go to Germany for several weeks.  Before she had left, a friend of her visited and they talked for several hours; I could hear them talking from my room. The house must had a good acoustic with sound traveling through stairways to upstairs. The old lady didn't ask me to come downstairs to introduce him to me, but I saw him from behind as he was leaving the house on the stairway.  One day before she left, she asked me to water the plants and feed the parakeet. I went into the big room  to get the instruction; she told me to how many times I should water the plants and feed the parakeet and etc. 

After she was gone, the man whom I had seen occasionally dining with the old lady, would come more often during the day when I was not at the house.  Apparently, he was instructed to come to check the house while she was gone.  He came often and he would leave a note every time despite we had never met formally as if he knew me; I supposed that he would even come into my room that is left unlock. whether I had taken any precious artifacts and ran off.  One day, I called up my friends and had a party taking the time M. H has gone as an opportunity.  We had a party over the weekend, so the man did not come.  I showed my friends and show the artifacts to them.  Nobody took any artifacts.

 He would point out in the memo that I had missed feeding the parakeet and watering the plants. He wrote notes and placed on the stairway for me to find them easily.  Mrs. H knew that I could not feed the bird and water the plants during the day, but the man pointed out as if I had stayed during the day.  His intent was to find something to blame for some other purposes, and I started to ignore his comments, letting them pile on the stairway. 

In May, after staying in the house more than several months,  I found a job and I had to move out of the place.  The company paid for moving, so mover came  and put all my belongings in boxes and had them taken away.  After moving into an apartment, I opened the boxes and found a plastic vase came with unwittingly in one of them; an artificial flower.  I put it in the waste basket thinking that what if it would have been had one of her artifacts and she  never new what was missing.   I would think that the man called the cop and hunted me down, and I would have had a difficult time explaining to the police that it was brought over by a mistake of a mover.

2012년 3월 22일 목요일

Dokdo, sovereign island of Korea - 호사카유지교수님의 말씀

It



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wysu4c3kHBc&feature=related



I came across with this video about Dokdo Island on YoueTube the other day.  I watched the entire video and I translated for those people who don't understand Korean. I want to share what he says about Dokdo with others. I don't claim that my translation cover everything what he says on the video nor it is it perfect, but my hope is to enhance understanding about the island and the issues. 
Having mentioned that, here is:

My name is Hosaka Yuji. I lived in Korea more than 20 years, and I became a naturalized Korean citizen seven years ago. The World Cup held in Korea 2002 was a great success, and it was partly a motivating factor for me to become naturalized Korean citizen.

The reason that I am still keeping my original Japan name is because I haven't decided what Korean name due to a little complexity involved in choosing my last Korean name.  An officer at the ministry told me that it's perfectly O.K to keep the original name  until a good name is decided.  If you have any good suggestion for what my Korean name would be,  please let me know.

I started studying about Dokdo in 1998, so it has been more than 12 years. The motivating factor for studying about the island was result of my start of lectures about the relationship between the Korea and Japan in the university where I work.  At that time, students started asking me "What do you think of the Dokdo island?  Whom does it belong to?" To this question, I was baffled, I didn't know anything about the island.   At that time, majority of Japanese didn't know anything about the island.
However, the island came into most of Japanese consciousness since much disputes have been made in 2005.

I didn't know which country it belongs to, so I started studying about the island.  I studied related documents from both sides, Korea and Japan.  As a result of my studying, I found that there are too many documents that Japan is hiding from.  I have come to conclusion that the documents should become available for public to see. When these documents are available in public,  Japanese people would surely know that the island belongs to Korea.

I published a dissertation in 2002, and I became a naturalized Korean citizen in 2005.  The reason that I decided to naturalized is not because of Dokdo, but  I would say that it's God's will which led me to.  There was no particular reason.  I got my Master's and Doctorate in Politics and Foreign Affairs from the Korea University, and now I am teaching in Sejong University in Seoul.

 Because I studied of colonization of Korea,Taiwan and Manchuria by Imperial Japan, Dokdo issues had been major part of my studies.  So, if you can think of me with regards to where I am coming from with respect to Dokdo, that would be in the right way.

7:15
Dokdo is located 87.4 km away from Ulreung-Do. Contray to what most of people would guess, it is rather far away from Ulreung-Do. However, it is closer than the the closest island from Japan is from Oki island;  Dokdo is 157.5 km away from Oki, unable to see Dokdo at all.  So,  you can see Dokdo from Ulreong-Do in clear weather which is in average about 60 days per a year, but that is not possible at all for people living in Oki island. So from the ancient time, the Korean people who lived in Ulngdo used to seeing Dokdo as part of Silla, Koryo, Chosun; Korean kingdoms, from the ancient time.  The ancient people of Japan could not conceive like that.  The earliest time that the island came into Japanese was in mid 1600; they have come to seeing Dokdo.

Let me go over some basic facts about Dokdo:

The name of Dokdo is not that old, it came about in 1880. Prior to that it was called WooSanDo. The King  Kojong proclaimed it be changed from the name Dolsum (Rock island) as what the people living in the Ulrungdo used to call the island at that time.  Many people from Honam province moved to Ulungdo.   Nobody lived in the island for 400 years prior to that. After King Kojong found out that there were more than 250 Japanese were living there,  Kojong made them to move them back to Japan and had the people from Honam province to settle in Ulrungdo.  In the documents written in 1914, you could find the words "Dokdo."

Japanese around that time made a name for Dokdo for its own as "Takeshima," which translates to "bamboo island."  Historically, there has been a time when Japanese travelled to Ulrungdo. After the travel, Japanese found bamboo trees and brought over to Japan, and since then they called the Dokdo which is away from Ulongdo lumped together as Bamboo island. Even until 1880, their naming for both Ulrongdo and Doko was not present as different entities, but this started changed;  they started calling  Ulreong-Do as Songdo because they had been to Ulongdo for two hundred years.  Since they had no name for Dokdo, they started calling Dokdo in a foreign name as "Ranko Rocks" because they know that the island doesn't belong to them.  However, in 1905, after some 200 years Japanese had not used  the island name "Takeshima," as name of "Dokdo" was firmly settled in Korea,  Japanese started using the name "Takeshima" that had not been used.  These are the basic information that you need to know. So, when you see Japanese documents, the word "Takeshima" is not always referred to Dokdo.  The island was named in pretty much same time frame for both countries.

According to Japanese, Dokdo is their sovereign island territory originally;  they say that Dokdo has always been part of Japan historically.  However, when you actually see their historical documents, their claim is contrary to they say; there have been several evidences in their historical documents that they stated disenfranchisement of Dokdo. The documents was made by Japanese government disclaiming the ownership of Dokdo.  I came to know of these documents, and that's why I started to think that Dokdo is perhaps belongs to Korea and started wondering why Japan is trying so hard to hide the documents.  The problem is that these documents can not be easily deciphered, but they are translated by experts in Japanese and are now stored in Museum of Dotori.

In 17th century,  there have been number of times Japanese have travelled to Uleong-Do.  On the other hand, Chuson neglected making visits. During this time, Japan had travlled about 70 times. However, Japanese always told to Koreans living in Daema-Do that Ulreong-Do belongs to Korea. Taking this as a opportunity,  Japanese travelled.  During this time, Ahn Young Bok, taking 50 people, travelled to Ulreong-Do, and crashed with Japanese people, and he and one other person were abducted to Japan. In Japan,  Ahn claimed that the two islands, Ulreong-Do and Dokdo, belong to Choson and told to the government officials of Japan--this is written in Sookjong Shillrok.

22:01
When you look at the old Japanese documents written during Edo Makbu, as shown on the overhead projector, you would see that there are number of places where "Songdo" are mentioned,  which refers Dokdo in Japanese.  This documents states that Dokdo does not belong any provinces oft Japan and thus it does not belong to Japan at all --"DO NOT be concerned."  The dispute was OVER at this time, and this dispute led to conclusion that Dokdo is not part of Japan's territory. This document was discovered recently, which contradict their current claim, and that why generally Japanese scholars hardly mention that Dokdo belongs to Japan;  This was Japan's first denial for ownership of Dokdo.

The second time Japan denied its ownership of the island was in 1870.  The Maji government launched an investgation on the reason why Ulrongdo and Dokdo are part of Korean territory, and ordered an investigative report. The the resulting report as displayed on the overhead projector. It explained how the two islands came about Korean territory: both islands became part of Korean territory ever since the beginning.

More investigation came 7 years later. The reports say that the island belongs to Korea; however, the time has changed, so it's about time to make it part of Simana Prefacture.  The supreme organization dismissed their request and asked them not to be greedy, and stated that Dokdo has nothing to do with Japan.  This is added as one more document that is used as an evidence to prove that Dokdo is not part of Japan.  The name used to refer Dokdo is not original Japanese name, Songdo, some people argue that the document is not related to Dokdo matter, however, it comes with a map as a addendum that show the picture of the two islands.  The map shows and that's why it hard to claim. Scholars has been hiding this map since 1890.  The documents was discovered by Japanese minister from a church in Ganasawa.  The minister has made a big contribution.

The map clearly show two islands and states that the dispute was closed in Edo period.  The legistrature disapproved of making claims to be part of Japan's territory.  The documents gives disadvantages to Japan claiming the ownership of the island.

Japan has clearly mentioned three times disclaiming the ownership of Dokdo. And that's why Japanese politicians can not answer well when they arer questioned about the documents. The politicans keep on saying that "It's under investigation." Even after they were asked 10, 20 years later, they still answered, "It's still under investigation."  They kept saying like that even if they are asked 100 years later. Nowadays in Korea, when someone- who committed wrongdoing- is intorrogated in a court, they would say "I can't remember."  This answering scheme was actually originated in Japan by Sectrary Danaka when he was introgated for his involvement in bribary with Rocketheed.   This is a great answer to avoid one's responsibility and accountability.
So, in 1905, disregarding the order of Taejongkwan, Japan took the approach making Dokdo officially listed in their map.   In 2006, a new organizaiton was founded in Korea, that relate to Dokdo issue.

25:23
An Young Duk went to Japan 2nd time. He stepped into Oki island first. There, Ahn was asked, and this document is a record of what he was interrogated. The document was discovered in 2005. This has been kept by the descendant of the person who interrogted Ahn Young Bok.  Ahn Young Bok knew how to speak Japanese, so he went to Japan to let Japanese know that Dokdo is part of Korean territory, specifically as part of Kangwon Do Providence. The officials of Oki recorded as Ahn statted and reported to Edo government officials. The clear evidences are provided to us in the form of documents that has been unsurfaced as a result of conscious Japanese's will.

Also,  various Korean government published books claim that Dokdo is part of Korean territory.  The documents states that the islands called by Japanese as " " is Korean terrtory to avoid confusion in the future.

1990, Kojong assigned   There is a "Jukdo"  5 years earlier, Korea proclaimed that three islands near Ulrongdo in the official map of Korea.

In 1905, when Japan included the islands on their map.  The island called Dokdo as no name because they claimed that it's not Japanese island. They confessed that the islands do not belong to Japan, that's was Japan's greatest mistake.

Japanese say that in 1906, the islands are listed in Japanese map, so according to international law, Korea never protested against. However, Korea would say that because the Korea was under the occupation of Japan, Korea could not protest.  Four years prior to the start of annaxation, why didn't Korea protest?  Under the circumstances, when you look at the freedom of movement, you would see that there was little freedom to speak out.  Kojong sent a secrete agents to protest.  The invasion of Japanese imperialists did not start of 1910.  You are not supposed to think that as a beginning, but rather as completion of their mission to overtake Korea.

1945.  The San Francisco treaty. The treaty was made after Japan lost war and retreated from Korean peninsula.  AS the treaty was made, the Dokdo was included 5 times, but it was omitted in the final draft. The importance of San Francisco reaty.  Japan was under surjoune under the allied forces.  However,  Korea was not able to be protest.   Due to the lobbyest of Japanese,  on the 6th draft, it was listed as part of Japanese territory.  On the subsequent drafts, Brintian protested that Dokdo is drafted as part of Japan, and consensus of three western allies excluding the U.S. it was reverted back to part of Korea.  Then, it got changed to Japan in the next draft.  The U.S. listened to Japan only.  Britian got upset and Britian drafted their own version since it has been tossed around from draft to draft.  Eventually, the final draft ended of being not listed in neither Korea and nor Japan's territory; however, the agreement of allied force's ruling that Dokdo is part of Korea could not disregared.  The U.S. could not protest to the allied force.  It would be good for Korea had the progression ended here.  Korea asked the U.S to be part of Korea territory to the U.S. As a result, the Korean government sent a delegate, and the U.S. asked, but the Yang Yuk Suk didn't know anything and could not provide evidences to convence that Dokdo is part of Korea.  The Parakdo is where, asked?  And thus, the U.S. called to the Korean government asking the same question, but the officials answered the same. The only arguement was that the Korea at that time was having a war.

Japan wanted to make part of Japan.  There can be a great anit-American sentiment had the island is made to be part of Japan.  The U.S. government.  That's why Dokdo is not listed in the World's map as Korean territory.  Korean says that there is no room for dispute, but the matter is something that we should strive and overcome.  The letter that was sent to the Korea, it claims that the the U.S. has confirmed that Dokdo was once part of Korean kingdom.  ON the reply, but at the time, we reported to Korea and we are not willing to  share the contents with other contry. The letter is not based on the  agreement of allied-force.  The U.S. did not sent the letter to Japan. Why the U.S. did not reveal the document.  If they are revealed, there will be chaos from the allied-force.  We, the U.S., will removed itself from the discussion of Dokdo issue.  Since 1950, the consensu was that allied-force is deciding party, not the U.S.

The last speech is void of historical . The Lask statement states that if Korea can provide evidences to prove that Dokdo is belong to Korea.

Australia should play an important role.  REcently, I explained to them that.  I also gave lectures to the people from Europe, and they say that what is important is agreement was made in Sanfransico treaty.

My last slide is showing a picture of Dokdo on the side of facing Japan. The grass growing has a shape of Korean peninsula as if it says that Dokdo belongs to Korea.



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